Polyolefins and paraffin waxes stabilized with thiodialkanoate polyesters



United States Patent 3,378,516 POLYGLEFINS AND PARAFFIN WAXES STABILIZED WITH THIODIALKANOATE POLYESTERS (Ilarence E. Tholstrup, Alan Bell, and Charles J. Kibler, all of R0. Box 511, Kingsport, Tenn. 37662 No Drawing. Continuation of application Ser. No. 309,309, Sept. 16, 1963. This application Nov. 21, 1966, Ser. No. 596,005

4 Claims. (Cl. 260-458) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Stabilized compositions comprising poly-a-olefins, parafiin waxes and copolymers including at least 40% of an a-olefin which contains a polyester obtained from a thiodialkanoic acid and a diol having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 4000.

This application is a continuation of US. application Ser. No. 309,309 (now abandoned), filed Sept. 16, 1963, which in turn was a continuation-in-part of US applications Ser. No. 77,862 (now US. Patent No. 3,157,517) and Ser. No. 77,863 (now abandoned), both filed Dec. 23, 1960.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending applications, Ser. No. 77,862 (now US. Patent No. 3,157,517 patented Nov. 17, 1964) and Ser. No. 77,863, filed Dec. 23, 1960 (now abandoned).

This invention relates to stabilized hydrocarbon compositions such as' poly-a olefins, parafiin wax and copolymers including at least 40% of an a-olefin which hydrocarbon compositions contain a linear thiodialkanoate polyester as a stabilizer. The invention also covers such hydrocarbon compositions wherein one or more of a phenolic antioxidant stabilizer, a phenolic ultraviolet light stabilizer, and an organic phosphite stabilizer is also present.

Since the abovementioned parent applications describe in detail the linear thiodialkanoate polyesters which serve as stabilizers in the present application, no description of the preparation of such polyester stabilizers will be necessary herein. For convenience of expression these polyesters are sometimes referred to as complex polyesters.

Poly-u-olefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like are commonly subjected to elevated temperatures in the course of their processing into useful items of commerce. Such processing methods as rolling, injection molding, extrusion and the like at elevated temperatures usually result in oxidative degradation of the polymer. In addition, many uses of poly-a-olefins, such as in electrical insulation and the like, oftentimes expose the poly-a-olefins to elevated temperatures. To minimize oxidative deterioration in poly-u-olefins, anti-oxidants or stabilizers are oftentimes incorporated therein.

It is an object of this invention to provide new poly-aolefin compositions having resistance to thermal degradation.

It is also an object of this invention to provide novel polyethylene and polypropylene compositions containing compounds which, when used both separately and together, add stability against deterioration resulting from exposure to elevated temperatures to the polyethylene and polypropylene compositions.

It is another object of this invention to provide new synergistic combinations of stabilizers for poly-a-olefin compositions.

It is still another object of this invention to provide a method of producing stability against oxidative deterioration in poly-a-olefins by the incorporation therein of synergistic combinations of stabilizers.

It is a more particular object of this inventon to provide new hydrocarbon compositions having resistance to thermal and ultraviolet light degradation.

It is also an object of this invention to provide novel hydrocarbon compositions containing polyesters prepared from a thiodialkanoic acid and a diol, which alone or together with other type antioxidants, can be stabilized with ultraviolet light inhibitors for superior Weathering properties.

Another object of this invention is to provide new synergistic combinations of stabilizers which can be used in hydrocarbon compositions and for other purposes.

Another object of this invention is to provide novel poly-a-olefin compositions that will have superior weathering and aging properties after being extruded into films, fibers and molded into articles of varying shapes and sizes or cast in various forms or coated as films, dielectrics, coated fabrics, etc.

It is a further object to make similar provisions with respect to other hydrocarbon compositions as already indicated.

Other objects will become apparent elsewhere herein.

According to a preferred embodiment this invention provides a normally solid hydrocarbon composition having improved stability consisting essentially of (1) a hydrocarbon member selected from the group consisting of a parafiin wax, a solid polymer of an a-monoolefin having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms and solid copolymers of an unsaturated hydrocarbon of which at least 40% by weight is composed of at least one a-monoolefin having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms, and (2) from about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of a stabilizer comprising as an essential component a linear thiodialkanoate polyester having an average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 4,000 and having a formula selected from the group consisting of first, second and third formulas as follows:

and

wherein n is an integer of at least 1, y is an integer of from 2 to 3, each R is a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl radical having .from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, an aryl radical of the benzene training from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylenedimethylene radical containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a

radical, x being an integer of from 1 to 20 and z being an integer of from 2 to 6.

According to another embodiment of this invention there is provided a hydrocarbon composition containing said complex polyester stabilizer component which composition contains at least about 0.001% by weight of a phenolic antioxidant stabilizer for said poly-a-olefin which is present in an amount whereby the oxidative degradation is less than can be attributed to the sum of the stabilizing effects of all stabilizer components present, the weight ratio of said polyester stabilizer component to said phenolic antioxidant stabilizer component being from about 1/20 to about 20/1.

A preferred class of such hydrocarbon compositions are those wherein said phenolic antioxidant stabilizer is an aromatic compound having at least one benzene ring to which is attached a hydroxy radical and any other constituents of said aromatic compound are selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, alkylcarbonyl radicals having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, carboxy radicals, carbalkoxy radicals having from 2 to 24 carbon atoms, alkylenedioxy radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, oxy radicals, thio radicals and amino radicals.

According to another embodiment of this invention there is provided a hydrocarbon composition containing said complex polyester stabilizer component which composition contains at least about 0.001% by weight of a phenolic ultraviolet light stabilizer for inhibiting degradation from ultraviolet light, which stabilizer is present in an amount whereby degradation due to exposure to ultraviolet light is less than can be attributed to the sum of the stabilizing effects of all stabilizer components present, the weight ratio of said polyester stabilizer component to said phenolic ultraviolet light stabilizer component being from about 1/20 to about 20/ 1.

A preferred class of such hydrocarbon compositions are those wherein said phenolic ultraviolet light stabilizer is an aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of phenylsalicylates having from 13 to 60 carbon atoms and hydroxybenzophenones having from 13 to 60 carbon atoms.

According to another embodiment of this invention there is provided a hydrocarbon composition containing said complex polyester stabilizer component which composition contains at least about 0.001% by weight of an organic phosphite stabilizer for inhibiting thermal degradation and discoloration, which stabilizer is present in an amount whereby degradation due to exposure to elevated temperatures is less than can be attributed to the sum of the stabilizing efiects of all stabilizer components present, the weight ratio of said polyester stabilizer component to said phosphite stabilizer component being from about 1/20 to about 20/ 1.

A preferred class of such hydrocarbon compositions are those wherein said phosphite stabilizer is an organic phosphorus compound having from 3 to 72 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of tris (alkylated phenyl) phosphites and dialkyl pentaerythritol diphosphites.

According to an especially preferred embodiment of this invention there is provided a hydrocarbon composition which contains said complex polyester component along with two of the following stabilizer groups: (1) phenolic antioxidant stabilizers, (2) phenolic ultraviolet light stabilizers and (3) organic phosphite stabilizers. Especially outstanding results can be achieved when all three of these stabilizer groups are employed simultaneously.

According to still further embodiments of this invention there are provided novel stabilizer compositions per se, i.e. said complex polyester in combination with one, two or three of the three groups of stabilizers just named above. These stabilizer compositions are useful as additives to be incorporated in hydrocarbon compositions which are normally subject to deterioration due to the effects of oxygen, heat, ultraviolet light, weathering, etc. Such stabilizer compositions can be advantageously prepared having suitable ratios of constituents as indicated above and are ready for addition to the substrates in amounts determined by the ultimate degree of stability desired in order to meet particular circumstances of anticipated exposure to degradative conditions. Although primarily intended for use as stabilizer compositions for admixture with hydrocarbon materials, they can also be used for other stabilizing purposes such as indicated above including utility in fats, oils, insecticides, fuels, polyesters, polyamides, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyvinyl resins, other synthetic resins, and various organic compositions in general.

Among the various discoveries made by the inventors, it has been found surprisingly that such a complex polyester when incorporated in a poly-a-olefin composition imparts to said composition a high degree of resistance to oxidative deterioration and that even more surprisingly a synergistic effect is obtained when the complex polyester is incorporated therein together with a phenolic antioxidant. The result is particularly unexpected since polyesters of a similar formula to those in the above group where y is less than 2 or greater than 3 will not impart any such antioxidant effect to poly-a-olefin compositions.

By phenolic antioxidant we mean any organic phenol which exhibits antioxidant properties when compatible with and incorporated in a normally oxidizable organic material, for example, hydrocarbons such as parafiin wax, petroleum oils including gasoline and other motor fuels, polypropylene, polyethylene and other normally solid polymers of a-monoolefins, petroleum derivatives such as lubricating oils, transformer oils and the like, polyesters including linear polyesters and alkyd resins, synthetic rubber compositions, natural rubber compositions, insecticide compositions, medicinal preparations, and similar compositions.

Thus, a wide variety of phenolic antioxidants can be effectively utilized in combination with the above-mentioned complex polyesters. Illustrative of such phenolic antioxidents are certain alkylidenebisphenols, such as those described in the copending Tholstrup application, Ser. No. 4,189, filed J an. 25, 1960, now US. Patent No. 3,033,814, granted May 8, 1962.

A particularly effective group of alkylidenebisphenols has the following formula:

HO -R Rn R4 wherein R is an alkylene or alkylidene radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein R R R and R are hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms including benzyl radicals, cyclohexyl radicals, l-alkylbenzyl radicals, l-alkylcyclohexyl radicals, or more usually alkyl radicals having 1 to 12 and preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. R, and R are desirably tertiary alkyl radicals having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

Another group of phenolic antioxidants also described in said copending Tholstrup application Ser. No. 4,189, consists of phenyl salicylates which have the formula:

I R a wherein R and R are hydrogen atoms or hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 15 carbon atoms including benzyl radicals, cyclohexyl radicals, l-alkylbenzyl radicals, l-alkylcyclohexyl radicals, or more usually alkyl radicals having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.

Suitable substituted phenyl salicylates such as those described in the copending application by Addelburg, Lappin and Rouse, Ser. No. 775,336, filed Nov. 21, 1958, now US. Patent No. 3,043,797 granted July 10, 1962, can also be utilized.

Another variety of phenolic antioxidants which are suitable for use in this invention are alkylenebisphenols and alkylidenebisphenols such as those described in copending application Ser. No. 850,985 by Joyner et al., filed on Nov. 5, 1959, and having the general formulas:

In the above bisphenol formulas: Z is either an alkylidene radical or an alkylene radical usually having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and more generally 1 to 4 carbon atoms and typically having the formulas and or -(CH wherein Z is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical and n is an integer of at least 1; and Z Z Z Z Z and Z are hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals usually having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, l-alkylcyclohexyl radicals wherein the alkyl moiety usually has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, l-alkylcyclohexyl radicals wherein the alkyl moiety usually has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably is methyl, or l-alkylbenzyl wherein the alkyl moiety usually has 1 to 4 carbon atoms and preferably is methyl. At least one of Z and Z at least one of Z; and Z and at least one of Z and Z are other than hydrogen atoms in the preceding bisphenol formulas. Typical of these bisphenols are 2,2'-alky1ene or alkylidene bis(4 and/ or 6-substituted phenols) such as 2,2-n1ethylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert.-octylphenol 2,2-methylenebis- (4-rnethyl-6-tert.-dodecylphenol 2,2'-methylenebis 6-tert.-butyl-phenol) 2,2-methylenebis 4-tert.-dodecyl-6-methylphenol 2,2'-rnethylenebis (4-tert.-dodecy1phenol 2,2-methylenebis (4-methy1-6-amylphenol 2,2-methylenebis [4-methyl-6-( l-methylbenzyl phenol] 2,2'-methylenebis [4-methyl-6-( l-methylcyclohexyl) phenol] 2,2-ethylidenebis (4,6-diamylphenol) 2,2-ethylidenebis (4-tert.-butyl-6-tert.-octyl phenol) 2,2-isopropylidenebis (4-tert.-butyl-6-n-dodecylphenol) 2,2-isopropylidenebis 4,6-di-n-o ctylphenol 2,2-n-butylidenebis (4-rnethylphenol) 2,2'-n-bu tylidencbis [4-methyl-6-( l-rnethylbenzyl) phenol] 2,2-isobutylidenebis 6-( l-n-butylcyclohexyl phenol] 2,2'-n-decamethylenebis (4-methylphenol 2,2-n-dodecamethylenebis (4-tert.-butyl-6-methylphenol) and related 2,2-all ylene or alkylidenebis(4 and/or 6-substituted phenols), 4,4'-alkylidene or alkylenebis (3 and/ or 6-substituted phenols) such as 4,4'-methylenebis 3-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol 4,4'-methylene-bis 3-ethyl-6-tert.-octylphenol) 4,4-methylenebis 3-meth yl-6-tert.-d0 decylph enol), 4,4'-methylenebis 6-tert.-butylphenol 4,4-methylenebis 3-tert.-dodecyl-6-rnethyl phenol) 4,4-methylenebis 3,6-tert.-dodecyl phenol 4,4'-methylenebis 3-methylphenol 4,4'-methylenebis [3-methyl-6-( l-ethylbenzyl) phenol] 4,4'-methylenebis- [3 -methyl-6-( l-iso-butylcyclohexyl) phenol], 4,4'-methylenebis [3-methyl-6- 1 -methylbenzyl -phenol] 4,4-ethylidenebis (3 ,fi-diamyl-phenol 4,4-ethylidenebis 3 -tert.-butyl-6-tert-octylphenol 4,4'-isopropylidenebis 3-tert.-butyl-6-n-dodecylphenol 4,4'-isopropylidenebis 3,6-di-n-octylphenol 4,4'-n-butylidenebis 3-methyl-phenol 4,4-n-butylidenebis 3-rnethyl-6-tert.-butylphenol) 4,4'-n-butylidenebis 3-rnethyl-6-( l-methylcyclohexyl) phenol], 4,4'-isobutylidenebis(3,6-di-n-octy1phenol), 4,4-n-butylidenebis [3 -methyl-6-( 1-tert.-butylbenzyl) phenol], 4,4-isobutylidenebis 6-( l-n-butylcyclohexyl -pheno1] 4,4-n-decamethylenebis 3 -methylphenol 4,4'-n-dodecamethylenebis (3 -tert.-butyl-6-methylphenol and related 4,4-alkylene or alkylidenebis (3 and/ or 6-substituted phenols), 4,4-alkylidene or alkylene bis (2 and/ or 6-substituted phenols) such as 4,4'-methylenebis 2-methyl-6-tert.-butyl phenol 4,4-rnethylene-bis 2-ethyl-6-tert.-octylphenol) 4,4-methylenebis (Z-methyl-6-tert.-dodecylpheno1) 4,4-methylenebis 6-rnethylphenol 4,4-methylenebis 2-tert.-dodecyl-6-methyl phenol 4,4'-methylenebis 2,6-di-tert.-dodecylphenol 4,4-methylenebis Z-meth yl phenol) 4,4-methylenebis[2-methyl-6-( l-ethylbenzyl) phenol 4,4-methylenebis [2-methyl-6-( l-iso-butylcyclohexyl) phenol], 4,4'-methylene-bis 2-methyl-6-( l-methylbenzyl) phenol] 4,4'-ethylidenebis 2,6-di-tert.-butylphenol 4,4'-isopropylidenebis Z-tert.-butyl-6-ndodecylphenol 4,4-isopropylidenebis 2,6-di-n-octylphenol 4,4'-n-butylidenebis 2-methylphenol) 4,4'-n-butylidenebis 2-methyl-6-tert.-butyl phenol) 4,4-n-butylidenebis [2-1nethyl-6- l-rnethyl-cyclohexyl) phenol] 4,4'-n-butylidenebis [2-methyl-6- tert.-butyl-benzyl) phenol] 4,4'-isobutylidenebis 2,6-di-n-octylphenol 4,4'-isobutylidenebis 6-( l-n-butylcyclohexyl) phenol] 4,4'-decamethylenebis Z-methylphenol 4,4-n-dodecamethylenebis 2-tert.-butyl-6-methyl phenol and related 4,4'-alkylenebis (2 and/or 6-substituted phenols).

Among other representative phenolic antioxidants which may be used are single-ring phenols and substituted phenols such as those described in copending Tholstrup application U.S. Ser. No. 54, filed Jan. 4, 1960, having the formulas:

wherein B can be H or 01-1, but OH in no more than two of the B positions, Y Y and Y are alkyl radicals desirably having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms; Y Y Y Y and Y are alkyl radicals desirably having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and preferably l to 12 carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, or cyclic hydro-carbon radicals desirably having 6 carbon atoms in the cyclic nucleus and preferably l-alkylcyclohexyl radicals or l-alkylbenzyl radicals with the alkyl radical having desirably 1 to 18 and preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and wherein at least one of Y and Y is other than a hydrogen atom and at least two of Y Y and Y are other than hydrogen atoms. The substituent Y and at least one of Y and Y is preferably a tertiary alkyl radical having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, a l-methylbenzyl radical or a l-methylcyclohexyl radical.

Typical of these substituted phenols are 2-tert.-butyl- 4-methoxyphenol, 3 tert.-butyl 4 methoxyphenol, 3- tert.-octyl 4 methoxyphenol, Z-methyl 4 methoxyphenol, 2-stearyl 4 n-butoxyphenol, 3-tert.-butyl-4- stearyloxyphenol, 3-tert.-octyl 4 rnethoXy-phenol, 3- lavryl 4 ethoxyphenyl, 2,5 di-tert.-butyl 4 methoxyphenol, 2-methyl 4 methoxyphenol, 2-(1-methylcyclohexyl) 4 methoxyphenol, 2-tert.-butyl 4 dodecyloxyphenol, 2-(l-methylbenzy1) 4 methoxy-phenol, 2- tert.-octyl 4 methoxyphenol, methyl gallate, n-propyl gallate, n-butyl gallate, lauryl gallate, rnyristyl gallate, stearyl gallate, 2,4,5 trihydroxyacetophenone, 2,4,5-trihydroxy n butyro-phenone, 2,4,5 trihydroxystearophenone, 2,6- di-tert.-butyl 4 methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert.- octyl 4 methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl 4 stearylphenol, Z-methyl 4 methyl 6 tert.-butylphenol, 2,6- distearyl 4 methylphenol, 2,6-dilauryl-4-methylphenol, 2,6 di(1-methylbenzyl) 4 methylphenol, 2,6-di(1- methylcyclohexyl) 4 methyl'phenol, 2-(1-methylcyclohexyl) 4 methylphenol, 2-(l-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl phenol, and related substituted phenols.

Other phenolic antioxidants which can be used in our invention are the 4,4-alkyler1edioxbis(alkylated phenols), such as those described in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 702,814 by Bell, Knowles, and Tholstrup, filed on Dec. 16, 1957, now US Patent No. 2,967,774 granted Jan. 10, 1961, which have the formula:

wherein each of L and L represents a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and an alkyl-organic radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said alkyl-organic radical encompassing members selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aralkyl radicals, and X represents an alkylene radical containing from 1 to carbon atoms. L above can be the same as L or it can be a different alkyl-organic radical or a hydrogen atom. Each of the four substituents represented by L and L can be different although it is generally advantageous if the two L substituents are identical and the two L substituents be the same as the two L substituents or that they represent hydrogen atoms.

Equally as suitable for the purposes of this invention as the phenolic antioxidants already recited are certain thiobisphenols having the following general formulas:

O H O H Ki S Ki In 1&2

1tos 11 I I K4 K4 and I s -o H I I In K5 These thiobisphenols are more particularly described in copending Tholstrup application, U.S. Ser. No. 860,667, filed Dec. 21, 1959. In the above thiobisphenol formulas: K K K K K and K can be hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals, or cyclic hydrocarbon radicals, and at least one of such radicals or substituents on each phenol nucleus is preferably other than a hydrogen atom. The alkyl radicals desirably have 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms. K K and K are preferably tertiary alkyl radicals having 4 to 8 carbon atoms such as tertiary butyl radicals and tertiary octyl radicals, or 1- methylcyclohexyl radicals. The cyclic hydrocarbon radicals desirably have 6-carbon cyclic nuclei such as cyclohexyl and benzyl, and preferably are such radicals as 1- methylcyclohexyl and l-methylbenzyl. Especially useful thiobisphenols in the invention are 2,2-thiobis (4-methyl-6-tert.-butyl-phenol) 4,4'-thiobis 3-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol) 4,4-thiobis [3-methyl-6 l-methylcyclohexyl) phenol],

and

' 4,4-thiobis(2-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol).

Other typical thiobisphenols which can be used include 2,2-thiobis (4,6-dimethylphenol 2,2-thiobis(4,6-di-tert.-butylphenol),

2,2'-thiobis (4-ethyl-6-tert.-butylphenol 2,2-thiobis 4-n-propyl-6-amylphenol 2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-n-octylphenol) 2,2-thiobis (4-amyl-6-tert.-octy1phenol 2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-n-decylphenol) 2,2-thiobis (4-methyl-6-lauryl-phen ol) 2,2-thiobis [4-methyl-6-( l-methylcyclohexyl) phenol] 2,2-thiobis (4-methylphenol) 2,2'-thiobis 6-tert.-butylphenol) 2,2'-thiobis (4,6-dilaurylphenol) 2,2-thiobis (4,6-distearylphenol 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-dimethylphenol) 4,4-thiobis 3,6-di-tert.-butyl-phenol) 4,4-thiobis(3-ethyl-6-tert.-butylphenol),

4,4'-thiobis( 3-n-propyl-6-amylphenol 4,4'-thiobis 3-methyl-6-n-octylphenol 4,4-thiobis (3-amyl-6-tert.-octylphenol 4,4-thiobis (3 -methyl-6-n-decylphenol) 4,4'-thiobis 3-methyl-6-laurylphenol) 4,4-thiobis 3,6-dilaurylphenol 4,4-thiobis( 3,6-distearylphenol),

4,4'-thiobis 3-methyl-6- l-methylcyclohexyl phenol] 4,4-thiobis 3-methyl-6-( l-methylbenzyl phenol] 4,4'-thiobis 2-tert.-butylphenol 4,4'-thiobis [2-methyl-6-( l-methylcyclohexyl phenol] 4,4'-thiobis- [2-methyl-6- l-methylbenzyl) phenol] 4,4'-thiob is (2-methyl-6-tert.-butylphenol) 4,4'-thiobis (2-methyl-6-laurylphenol) 4,4'-thiobis- 2,6-diste arylphenol) and related thiobisphenols.

In addition to monomeric phenols, a wide variety of polymeric phenols and polyphenols come within the scope of the phenolic antioxidants defined above and can be effectively utilized in combination with the complex polyesters referred to hereinabove. Illustrative of such polymeric phenols are those described in copending Tholstrup application, U.S. Ser. No. 5,377, filed Jan. 29, 1960, having the general formula:

on on on A1 onmQ- on A4 2 A3 11 A5 wherein A A A A and A are alkyl radicals usually having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 4 car- -bon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 4 and preferably 1 to 2, A and A are preferably tertiary alkyl radicals such as tertiary butyl radicals. Other suitable substituents for A A A A and A include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, amyl, octyl, decyl, lauryl, stearyl, and related alkyl radicals. Typical of such polymeric phenols and polyphenols are 4-methyl-u,ot-bis(3-tert.-butyl-5- methyl-Z-hydroxy-phenol)-2,6-xylenol and a ,a '-methylene-bis(2 hydroxy 5 methyl m phenylene)bis(6- tert.-butyl-2,4-xy1enol). Such compounds can be prepared by the method described in Angewandte Chemie, vol. 70, pp. 390-8, July 7, 1958.

Other phenolic antioxidants which can be used elfectively in this invention are a wide variety of hydroxylcontaining amines as illustrated by those having the formulas:

D2 43 o D4 II HO- NHCD', no cum I D5 D3 D OH D and wherein D D D D D D D D D and D are alkyl radicals having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and wherein D is an alkyl radical or an alkoxy radical, both having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Typical of these hydroxyl-containing amines are N,N'bis 2-hydroxy-3-tert.-butyl-5-laurylb enzyl laurylamine,

N,N'-bis (2-hydroxy-3-lauryl-5-steary1benzyl) -n-butylamine,

N,N'bis (2-hydroxy-3 -stearyl-5-methylbenzyl) methylamine,

N,N-bis 2-hydroxy-3 -methyl-5-tert.-butylbenzyl stearylamine,

N-acetyl-p-aminophenyl,

N-n-b utyryl-p-aminophenol,

N-caprylyl-p-aminophenol,

N-p elargonyl-p-aminophenol,

N-myristoyl-p-aminophenol,

N-lauryl-p-aminophenol,

N-palmitoyl-p-aminophenol,

N-n-nonadecan oyl-p-aminophenol,

and related hydroxyl-containing amines.

Thus, the group of phenolic antioxidants which can be used in this invention in synergistic combination with certain complex polyesters to be more particularly described hereinbelow includes alkylene bisphenols, alkylidenebisphenols, single-ring phenols and substituted singlering phenols, phenyl salicylates and substituted phenyl salicylates, thiobisphenols, 4,4'-alkylenedioxybis(alkylated phenols) and polymeric phenols and polyphenols, and hydroxyl-containing amines, and the like, the most preferable compounds from this group being those enumerated hereinabove.

The phenyl salicylates and substituted phenyl salicylates in the preceding group are primarily considered to be ultraviolet light stabilizers.

The described complex polyesters either alone or synergistically with phenolic antioxidants such as those enumerated hereinabove can be used to stabilize a wide variety of solid poly-a-olefin compositions against deterioration resulting from exposure to elevated temperatures. Any of the normally solid polymers of a-monoolefinic aliphatic hydrocarbons containing 2 to 22 carbon atoms can be stabilized in accordance with the invention. The subject stabilizer combinations are preferably used in polyethylene and polypropylene, although such poly-a-olefins as poly(3-methyl-butene-1), poly(4-methylpentene-l), polypentene-l poly(3,3 dimethylbutene-l), poly(4,4 dimethylbutene-l), poly(octene-l), poly-(decene-l) and the like can also be stabilized with the subject stabilizer combinations. Both are so-called low density" and high density or high crystallinity poly-a-olefin compositions can be stabilized in accordance with the invention. Reference is made to Fawcett et al. U.S. Patent No. 2,153,- 553, granted Apr. 11, 1939, and to copending application Coover et al., U.S. Ser. No. 724,904, filed Mar. 31, 1958, now abandoned, with regard to the preparation of various poly-a-olefin compositions that can be stabilized against thermal degradation in accordance with the invention. The additive stabilizer combinations of the invention are especially useful for stabilizing the solid resinous poly-aolefins having average molecular weights of at least 15,000 and more usually at least 20,000, although the stabilizer combinations of the invention can also be utilized to stabilize the so-called poly-a-olefin waxes having lower average molecular weights of usually 3,000 to 12,000. Paraifin wax is also similar to such waxes and can be stabilized as described herein.

The amounts of polyester and phenolic antioxidant employed in poly-a-olefin compositions in accordance with the invention can be widely varied, the stabilizing amounts usually varying with the particular use to which the polya-olefin compositions are to be put. Concentrations of at least about .001% of each stabilizer component are suitable, although about .O0l% to 5% for each component are generally used with about .01% to 3% of the polyester and about .01% to 1% of the phenolic antioxidants, when the latter is used to produce the synergistic effect, being preferred, the concentration being based on the weight of the poly-u-olefin. When using a combination of the polyester and a phenolic antioxidant, we generally utilize the combination at a weight ratio of the complex polyester to the phenolic antioxidant in the range of 1/20 to 20/1 and preferably 1/5 to 5/ 1.

The stabilizers of the invention can be incorporated or blended into poly-a-olefin compositions by the conventional methods utilized for blending such materials into resins or plastics. Typical of such methods that can be suitably employed include milling on heated rolls, deposition from solvents, and dry blending. These stabilizers can be incorporated separately or together into the polya-olcfin compositions.

The complex polyesters, when used alone or in synergistic combination with phenolic antioxidants, increase the stability of poly-u-olefin compositions, especially the stability against oxidative deterioration resulting from exposure to elevated temperatures. In addition, poly-a-olefin compositions containing these stabilizers or stabilizer combinations have enhanced stability against deterioration resulting from exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light. Thus, poly-a-olefins stabilized in accordance with the invention have an extended life expectancy and can be used more effectively than unstabilized poly-u-olefins for a wide diversity of uses. Poly-a-olefins stabilized as described can be cast, extruded, rolled or molded into sheets, rods, tubes, pipes, filaments and other shaped articles, including the widely used films of the polymers about .5 to 100 mils in thickness. The present compositions can be used for coating paper, wire, metal foil, glass fiber fabrics, synthetic and natural textiles or fabrics, and other such materials.

The stabilizer combinations of complex polyesters having the formulas given above and phenolic antioxidants are synergistic combinations, i.e., unexpectedly the stabilizing effect of such combinations in poly-ot-olefins is substantially greater than the additive effect of the individual stabilizers of the combination.

What has been said and described in great detail hereinabove regarding the use of stabilizer combinations of the complex esters and phenolic antioxidants is also applicable to the other stabilizer combinations encompassed by this invention.

It should be noted that some of these phenolic antioxidants are also phenolic ultraviolet light stabilizers, viz. phenylsalicylates having 13 to 60 carbon atoms. For the purposes of defining this invention these phenylsalicylates along with the hydroxybenzophenones having 13 to 60 carbon atoms are considered as being primarily ultraviolet light stabilizers.

The organic phosphite stabilizers are preferably those wherein the organic radicals are hydrocarbon radicals such as tris (alkylated-phenyl) phosphites, dialkyl pentaerythritol diphosphites and related organic phosphites including polyphosphites which are known to be useful as stabilizers as described in various publications and patents includin U.S. 2,234,379; U.S. 2,834,798; U.S. 2,650,213; U.S. 2,839,563; U.S. 2,841,606; U.S. 2,841,608; U.S. 2,847,443; U.S. 2,985,617; U.S. 3,039,993; U.S. 3,096,345, etc. Such organic phosphite and polyphosphite stabilizers include alkyl cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, and other hydrocarbon radicals and include all types of related compounds. To coin a generic expression they can be called hydrocarbon substituted phosphites. However, the presence of halogen atoms on the hydrocarbon radicals is also contemplated and is to be considered within the scope of this aspect of the invention.

Compositions illustrating the effectiveness of the complex polyester stabilizers of this invention as antioxidants are set forth in the tables below which illustrate the improved oxidative resistance of poly-a-olefins in which our polyesters and synergistic combinations thereof are incorporated. The oven storage life is the time required for initial peroxide formation in a sample of the polymer. To determine peroxide formation in the oven-exposed samples, each 0.25 g. sample in question is dissolved or suspended in 20 ml. of carbon tetrachloride and allowed to digest for 25 minutes. To this is added 20 ml. of a mixture consisting of 60% glacial acetic acid and 40% chloroform, and then 1.0 ml. of a saturated aqueous solution of potassium iodide. The resulting mixture is then back-titrated with 0.002 N sodium thiosulfate. The peroxide concentration, P, in milliequivalents per kilogram of polymer is given by the expression, P= 8S, where S is the number of milliliters of 0.002 N sodium thiosulfate used. Polypropylene A in the following examples is a plastic grade solid polypropylene having an average molecular weight greater than 16,000, a density of about 0.91, and an inherent viscosity of about 1.65 as determined in tetralin at C. Polypropylene B is a plastic grade solid polypropylene having an average molecular weight greater than 16,000, a density of about 0.91, and an inherent viscosity of about 1.48 as determined in tetralin at 145 C.

In various tables presented below, the name of the polyester has been replaced with the example number from the above-mentioned Ser. No. 77,862. The names of these polyesters and their molecular weights are as follows:

Example 1.-Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and neopentyl glycol, molecular weight 669 Example 2.-Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and neopentyl glycol, molecular weight 1,106 Example 3.-Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and neopentyl glycol, molecular Weight 1,445 Example 4.Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and ethylene glycol, molecular weight 674 Example 5.Polyester of 3,3 thiodipropionic acid and 1,5-pentanediol, molecular weight 674 Example 6.Polyester of 4,4'-thiodibutyric acid and ethylene glycol, molecular weight 670 Example 7.-Polyster oif 4,4-thiodibutyric acid and ethylene glycol, molecular weight 1,200 Example 8.-Polyester of thiodipivalic acid and neopentyl glycol, molecular weight 811 Example 9.Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, molecular weight 767 Example 10.Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and diethylene glycol, molecular weight 893 Example 11.Polyester of 3'3'-thiodipropionic acid and fl,b'-thiodiethanol, molecular weight 773 Example 12.-Polyester of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid and ethylene glycol, molecular weight 1,441 (not terminated) It should be noted that Example 8 relates to a polyester used for comparative purposes and does not illustrate this invention.

Stabilization of polypropylene with representative 4,4- thiodibutyric polyesters and polyester-phenolic antioxidant synergistic combinations TABLE I Additives in polypropylene B: C. oven life, hours Control (polypropylene B) 0.2 0.1% polyester of Example 6 1 0.3% polyester of Example 6 3 0.05% 4,4-butylidenebis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) 3 0.05% 4,4'-butylidenebis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) +01% polyester of Example 6 90 Additives in polypropylene: 160 C. oven life, hours 0.1 4,4'-butylidenebis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) +0.1% polyester of Example 6 200 0.1% 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol 1 0.1% 2,6-di-t butyl-p-cresol +0.1% polyester of Example 6 6 0.1% propyl gallate 0.1% propyl gallate +0.1% polyster of Example 6 23 0.05% 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone 4 0.05% 2'4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone +0.1%

polyester of Example 6 16 0.05% 2-t-butyl-4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)phenol 6 0.05 2-t-butyl-4- 2,3-epoxypropyl'oxy) phenol +0.1% polyester of Example 6 80 0.05% 2,6-bis(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylbenzyDp-cresol 80 0.05% 2,6-bis(2'-hydroxy-3'-t-butyl-5'-methylbenzyl)p-creso1 +0.1% polyester of Example 6 210 0.05% 4,4-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) 40 0.05% 4,4'-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) +0.1%

polyester of Example 6 200 0.1% 4,4-thiobis(6-t=butyl-o-cres'ol) 70 0.1 4,4'-thiobis(6-t-butyl-o-cresol) +0.1

polyester of Example 6 250 0.05 2,2-methylenebis 6-(1-methylhexyl)-pcresol 0.05 2,2'-methylenebis 6-(1- rnethylhexyl)-pcresol +0.1% polyester of Example 6 120 0.05 2,2'-methyleneb-is(6-t-butyl-p-cresol) 0.05 2,2-rnethylenebis 6-t-butyl-p-cresol) 0.1% polyester of Example 6 100 0.1% N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)morpholine 3 0.1% N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)morpholine +0.1%

polyester of Example 6 110 Stabilization of polypropylene with representative 3,3-

thiodipropionic polyesters and polyester-phenolic antioxidant synergistic combinations Several samples of powdered polypropylene were mixed with various representative antioxidants andcomplex polyesters of 3,3-thiodipropionic acid, compression molded into plates 1 inch in thickness, and the resulting molded samples evaluated with respect to stability by the oven storage test described above. The results of the stability evaluations are summarized by the data set out in Tables II and IIA below. Samples of the individual components of the various stabilizer combinations in the polypropylene, as well as the polypropylene with no additivewere included in the stability tests for comparative purposes. The concentrations of additives in the rfollowing tables are based on the weight of polypropylene. Santowhite Powder is 4,4-butylidenebis(6-tert.-butyl-m-oresol) 0.05% Santowhite Powder +0.05% polyester of Example 3 TABLE IIA 160 C. oven life, hours Additives in polypropylene B:

Control (polypropylene B) 0.2 0.05% polyester of Example 1 1 0.10% polyester of Example 1 1 0.05 polyester of Example 4 1 0.10% polyester of Example 4 1 0.05 2 tert. butyl 4 (2,3 epoxypropyloxy)-phenol 2 14 Additives in polypropylene:

160 C. oven life, hours 2 tert. butyl 4 (2,3 epoxypropyloxy)phenol 0.1% polyester of Example 1 70 0.05% 2 tert. butyl 4 (2,3 epoxypropyloxy) phenol +0.1% polyester of Example 4-- 0.05% Santowhite Powder 3 0.05% Santowhite Powder +0.05% polyester of Example 1 0.05% Santowhite Powder +0.05% polyester of Example 4 Additional stabilization of polypropylene with representative 3,3-thiodipropionic polyesters and polyester-phenolic antioxidant synergistic combinations TABLE III C. Oven Life Additives in Polypropylene Polypropylene A,

hours Polypropylene B, hours Control (no additive) .1% polyester of Example 4 polyester of Example 4"- a polyester of Example 1 1 polyester of Example 1 6-ditert.-butyl-p-cresol 2,fi-di-tert.-butyl-g-eresol+0.3% yester of Example 1 7,, butylated hydroxyanisole butylated hydroxyanisolc+0.3%

polyester of Example 1 0.1% propyl gallate 0.1% propyl gallate+0.3% polyester of Example 1 0.05% 2,4,S-trihydroxybutyrophenone 0.05% 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone+ 0.3% polyester of Example 1 0.05% 2-tert.-butyl-4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)phenol 0.05% Z-tert.-butyl-4-(2,3-epoxy-pr0pyloxy)phenol+0.10% polyester of Example 1 0.05% 2-tert.-buty1-4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)pheno1+0.10% polyester of Example 4 0.1% Santowhite powder 0.05% Santowhite powder; 0.05% Santowhite powder+0.

ester of Example 1 0.05% Santowhite p0wder+0.05% polyester of Example 3 0.05% Santowhite powder +0.1% polyester of Example 1 Stabilization of polyethylene with representative 3,3?

thiodipropionic polyesters and polyester-phenolic antroxidant synergistic combinations A series of examples prepared in accordance with the procedure given in regard to Table I was analyzed in accordance with the above-described oven storage test to illustrate the effectiveness of the stabilizers of this invention in polyethylene. The polyethylene used had a density of about 0.9 and a melt index of about 7.59. The following table (Table IV) includes the results of these tests and gives a clear indication of the synergistic effect of the polyester-phenolic antioxidant combination of this inventon in polyethylene. Santowhite Powder is 4,4'-butylidenebis(6-tert.-butyl-m-cresol), Nonox WSP is 2,2-methylenebis [6-(-methylcyclohexyl)-p-cresol], and Santonox R is 4,4'-thiobis 6-tert.-butyl-m-cresol) TABLE IV Additives in polyethylene: 160 C. oven life, hours Control (polyethylene) 4 0.025% polyester of Example 4 10 0.025% polyester of Example 1 7 0.025% Santowhite Powder 15 0.025% Santowhite Powder 0.025 polyester of Example 4 30 0.025% Santowhite Powder 0.025% polyester of Example 1 30 0.025% Santonox R +0.025% polyester of Example 4 50 0.025% Santonox R +0.025% polyester of Example 1 50 0.025 2 tert. butyl-4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)- phenol 7 0.025% 2 tert. butyl-4-(2,3-epoxypropyloxy)- phenol +0.025% polyester of Example 1 35 Stabilization of polypropylene with additional representative polyesters and polyester-phenolic antioxidant combinations The polyesters of Examples 9 through 12 described in our above-mentioned application Ser. No. 77,862 were dry blended alone and in combination with representative phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene having a density of about 0.91 and a viscosity of 1.48 in tetralin at 145 C. Oven storage results measured as in regard to Table I on -inch-thick plates are recorded in the following table, Table V.

TABLE V.STABILIZATION OF POLYPROPYLENE Additives in polypropylene: 160 C. oven life, hours Control 0.2 0.1% polyester of Example 9 1 0.1% polyester of Example 11 1 0.1% polyester of Example 12 1 0.1% polyester of Example 10 1 0.05% Santowhite Powder 3 0.05% Santowhite Powder +0.l% polyester of Example 9 80 0.05 Santowhite Powder +0.l% polyester of Example 11 80 0.05 Santowhite Powder +0.l% polyester of Example 12 70 0.05 Santowhite Powder +0.l% polyester of Example 10 80 0.05% Santonox R 40 0.05 Santonox R +0.10% polyester of Example 9 100 0.05% Santonox R +0.10% polyester of Example 11 100 0.05% Santonox R +0.10% polyester of Example 12 100 0.05 Santonox R +0.10% polyester of Example 10 100 0.05% Nonox WSP 7 0.05 Nonox WSP +0.l% polyester of Example 9 100 0.05 Nonox WSP +0.l% polyester of Example 11 100 0.05% Nonox WSP +0.l% polyester of Example 12 100 0.05 Nonox WSP +0.l% polyester of Example 10 100 0.1% BHT 1 0.1% BHT +0.l% polyester of Example 9 6 0.1% BHT +0.l% polyester of Example 11 6 0.1% BHT +0.l% polyester of Example 12 5 0.1% propyl gallate 5 0.1% propyl gallate +0.l% polyester of Example 9 0.1% propyl gallate +0.l% polyester of Example 11 21 0.1% propyl gallate +0.l% polyester of Example 12 15 0.05 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone 4 16 Additives in polypropylene: 160 C. oven life, hours 0.05 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone +0.10%

polyester of Example 9 16 0.05% 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone +0.10%

polyester of Example 11 15 0.05% 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone +0.10%

polyester of Example 12 10 0.05 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone +0.10%

polyester of Example 10 15 0.1% N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)morpholine 3 0.1% N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)morpholine +0.l%

polyester of Example 9 100 0.1% N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)morpholine +0.l%

polyester of Example 11 100 0.1% 2,6 di t butyl-p-dimethylaminomethylphenol 4 0.1 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-dimethylaminomethylphenol +0.l% polyester of Example 1 60 0.1 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-dimethylaminomethylphenol +0.l% polyester of Example 9 60 Stabilization of polyethylene with additional representative polyesters and polyester-phenolic antioxidant combinations The polyesters of Examples 9 through 12 of Ser. No. 77,862 were dry blended alone and in combination with representative phenolic antioxidants in polyethylene hav ing a density of about 0.91 and a melt index of 7.59. Oven storage results measured as in regard to Table I on ;-inch-thicl plates are recorded in the following table, Table VI. BHT is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

TABLE VI.STABILIZATION OF POLYETHYLENE Additives in polyethylene: 160 C. oven life, hours Control 4 0.025% polyester of Example 9 8 0.025% polyester of Example 11 9 0.025% polyester of Example 10 7 0.025% polyester of Example 12 8 0.1% BHT 6 0.1% BHT +0.025% polyester of Example 9 15 0.1% BHT +0.025% polyester of Example 11 15 0.025% Santowhite Powder '15 0.025% Santowhite Powder +0.025% polyester of Example 9 29 0.025% Santowhite Powder +0.025% polyester of Example 11 31 0.025% Santowhite Powder +0.025% polyester of Example 10 31 0.025% Santowhite Powder +0.025% polyester of Example 12 30 0.025% Nonox WSP 0.025 Nonox WSP +0.025 polyester of Example 9 0.025% Nonox WSP +0.025% polyester of Example 11 100 0.025% Nonox WSP +0.025% polyester of Example 10 100 0.025% Nonox WSP +0.025% polyester of Example 12 100 0.025% Santonox R 30 0.025% Santonox R +0.025% polyester of Example 9 50 0.025% Santonox R +0.025% polyester of Example 11 50 0.025% Santonox R +0.025% polyester of Example 10 50 0.025% Santonox R +0.025% polyester of Example 12 50 The following example is given to show the comparative ineffectiveness of complex polyesters prepared from thiodipivalic acid and neopentyl glycol as thermal stabilizers for poly-a-olefins as well as their inability to produce synergistic results when incorporated in poly-a-olefins together wtih phenolic antioxidants.

Example A.-Lack of stabilization of poly-a-olefins by representative thiodipivalic polyesters and polyesterphenolic antioxidant combinations Several polyesters prepared as in Example 8 of Ser. No. 77,862 (thiodipivalic acid polyesters) were dry blended alone and in combination with representative phenolic antioxidants in polypropylene powder and the antioxidant effect determined by the oven storage test described above after molding into A -inCh-thick plates. The results are recorded in Table VII which follows. These results clearly demonstrate the ineffectiveness as poly-a-olefin antioxidants of polyesters of thiodiacids other than those of 3,3'-thiodipropionic and 4,4'-thiodibutyric acid.

TABLE VII 160 C. oven life, Additives in polypropylene B: hours Control (polypropylene B) 0.2 0.1% polyester of Example 8 0.5 0.3% polyester of Example 8 0.5 0.1% 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol 1 0.1% 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol +01% polyester of Example 8 1 0.1% butylated hydroxyanisole 4 0.1% butylated hydroxyanisole +0.1% polyester of Example 8 4 The present invention thus provides novel poly-a-olefin compositions having stability against deterioration resulting from exposure to elevated temperatures and novel complex polyester stabilizers and synergistic stabilizer combinations of complex polyesters and phenolic antioxidants for poly-a-olefin compositions.

In addition, since parafiin wax is closely related to polyolefins, this invention also provides such novel compositions having parafiin wax as the principal or entire substrate being stabilized.

In the following tables stability was determined in accordance with the Active Oxygen Method, according to which method air was bubbled through the material to be tested containing the antioxidant at the temperature indicated and the oxidation was followed by determination of the milliequivalents of peroxide formed per kilogram of substrate. The results are indicated in terms of number of hours required to reach a Peroxide Value (PV) of 20 milliequivalents. In the following tables percent figures refer to percent by weight of the oxidizable materials.

TABLE VIII AOM Value at Additives in Paraflin Wax Percent 150 0. hr. to

20 rneq. Peroxides Control O 4 Polyester of Example 9 0.01 13 Polyester of Example 11. 0.01 13 Polyester of Example 12- 0.01 11 Polyester 01 Example 10 0. 01 11 Polyester of Example 8 (Thiodipivalic Acid Polyester) 0. 01 3 TABLE IX AOM value at 150 C. Additives in wax: (hours) Control (wax with no additive) 4 0.01% polyester of Example 4 14 0.01% polyester of Example 1 13 0.01% polyester of Example 2 12 0.01% polyester of Example 3 11 0.01% polypentamethylenethiodipropionate 11 0.01% acetylated polypentamethylenethiodipropionate V 14 0.1% butylated polypentamethylenethiodipropionate 11 TABLE X.STABILIZATION 0F PARAFFIN WAX AOM Value at Additives in Parafiiu Wax Percent 0. hr. to

20 rneq. Peroxides Control 0 4 Polyester of Example 0 0. 01 13 Polyester of Example 11 0. 01 13 Polyester of Examplell2. 0. 01 11 Polyester 01 Example 10.. 0.01 11. Polyester of Example 8 (Thio valic Acid Polyester) 0.01 3

TABLE XI Add P 1 1 Stability Data in Hours itive in o ropy ene yp 0. 140 C.

Oven lite Stress life (1) None (control) 0.2 5 (2) 0.1% 4,4-butylidenebis(6-t-but l eresol), called SP belowcu. 15 60 (3) 0.05% SP+0.1% isooetyl mercap acetate 15 25 (4) 0.05% SP+0.1% ethylene glycol dimereapto eacctate 10 40 (5) 0.1% dilauryl 3,3-thiodipropionate,

called DLTDP 1 15 As can be seen from this table, ordinary antioxidants such as shown by lines (2) and (5) are of only moderate eflicacy as stabilizers for polypropylene. Moreover, lines (3) and (4) show that the combined use of a mercaptoacetate ester does not produce any significant change in the results.

In various tables presented below, the name of the polyester has been replaced with a symbolic term. The meaning of the symbolic terminology is as follows:

Poly TDP 600 was prepared from 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, ethylene glycol and Z-ethylhexanol having a molecular weight of about 600. Prepared by procedure described in Example 1 of the parent application Ser. No. 77,863 wherein ethylene glycol and 2-ethylhexanol was used in place of neopentyl glycol and 2,2-dimethylpentanol, respectively.

Poly TDP 491 same as Poly TDP 600 except lower molecular weight of 491.

Poly TDP 571 see Example 4 of parent application (3,

3-thiodipropionic acid, ethylene glycol and butanol).

Poly TDP 1150 similar to Example 2 of parent application except using ethylene glycol and 2-ethylhexanol in place of neopentyl glycol and 2,2-dimethylpentanol respectively.

Poly TDP 1350 similar to Poly TDP except higher molecular weight.

Poly TDP 1445 see Example 3 of parent application (3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, neopentyl glycol and 2,2-dimethylpentanol) Poly TDP 10985 see Example 18 of continuation-inpart of Ser. No. 77,862 (3,3-thiodipropionic acid, ethylene glycol and stearyl alcohol).

Poly TDP 7608A see Example 19 of continuation-inpart of Ser. No. 77,862 (3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, ethylene glycol and stearic acid).

Poly TDP 1100 see Example 2 of parent application (3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, neopentyl glycol and 2,2-dimethylpentanol) Poly TDP 717L see Example 12 of parent application, 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid and ethylene glycol (not terminated).

Poly TDP 712L see Example 14 of continuation-impart 19 of Ser. No. 77,862 (3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, ethylene glycol and 2,2-dimethyldecanol) Poly TDP 7478 see Example 16 of continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 77,862 (3,3-thiodipropionic acid, ethylene glycol and stearyl alcohol).

Poly TDP 2000-8 see Example 20. of continuation-inpart of Ser. No. 77,862 (3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedirnethanol and stearyl alcohol).

TABLE XII Percent AOM Value at Additives in Wax by Weight 150 C. Hours to 20 meq. oi Peroxides (1) Control, no stabilizers 4 (2) DLTDP (diiauryl 3,3-thiodipropionate) 0.01 (3) DS'IDP (distearyl 3,3-thiodipropiona 0.01 5 (4) Poly TDP 000 0. 01 13 (5) Poly 'IDP 717L 0.01 17 (6) Poly TDP 712L 0.01 18 (7) Poly TDP 747s 0.01 20 (8) Poly TDP 816S 0.01 20 (9) Poly TDP 1098s 0.01 21 (10) Poly TDP 7608A 0.01 19 TAB LE XIII Heat Stability Data, hr.

(rie' Thick Sample) Additives in Polyprolylcne l (1)Unstabilized 402 polypropylene (X3816-92) 0. 3 1. 5 (2) Item No. 1+0.1% DL'IDP (dilauryl 3,3 -thiodipropionate) 7 40 (3) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 600.... 18 (4) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 717 v 13 100 (5) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 712L 12 105 (6) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 747s- 10 90 (7) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 1098S 185 (8) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 760SA 10 140 1 Polypropylene: I.V. at 145 C.=1.79, melt flow at 230 O./2.16 kg.= 4.52, molecular weight greater than 15,000.

TABLE XIV.-HEAT STABILITY DATA IN HOURS lybutene- Copolymer 4021 Poly- Po Additives in Po1y-1-olefins 1 1 160 C. P/B 160" C. ailomer 160 Oven Life Oven Life C. Oven Life (1) Unstabilized 0. 5 0. 2 0. 3 (2) Item No. 1+0.1%

(4) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 816$ 5 3 6 (5) Item No. 1+01% Poly TDP 5 4 6 (6) Item No. 1+0.1% Poly TDP 7605A 4 2 5 1 Polybutene-l: I. V. at 145 C.=1.9 and molecular weight greater than 15000 2 Copolymer P/B is 90/10 porpylene to butene-l polymer with an I. V. at 145 O.=2.6 and molecular weight greater than 15000.

I 4021 Polyailorner is a propylene polyallomer containing isoprene with an I. V. at 145 O.=1.80, density=0.916 and molecular weight greater than 15000.

(1) Derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenone 2) Derivatives of phenylsalicylate (3) Other ultraviolet light inhibitors such as the benzethiazolcs and monoesters of resorcinol can alse be used.

160 C. Oven 140 C. Stress Life Life The general structure for 2-hydroxybenzophenone derivatives is shown below:

(OH), HO

( nv (OH): (RIZOW where R and R may be the same or different and can be selected from hydrogen, an alkyl radical, an alkyloxy and an acyloxy radical. The alkyl, alkyloxy or acyloxy radical may contain from 1 to 24 carbon atoms: v, w, x, and 1 can be 0, 1 or 2.

Illustrative examples of these 2-hydroxybenzophenones are:

2-hydroxybenzophenone 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone 2,2-dihydroxybenzophenone 4-octyl-2-hydroxybenzophenone 4,4'-didodecyl-2-hydroxybenzophenone 4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone 4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone 4-octadecyI-Z-hydroxybenzophenone 4-octyloxy-2,2'-dihydroxybenzophenone 4-dodecyloxy-2,2-dihydroxybenzophenone 4,4-dimethoxy-2,2-dihydroxybenzophenone 4,4-didodecyloxy2,2'-dihydroxybenzophenone 2,4,4-trihydroxybenzophenone 4,4-distearate 4-phenylcarbonyl-3-hydroxyphenylstearate 4-phenylcarbonyl-3-hydroxyphenyllaurate The general structure for the phenylsalicylate derivatives is shown below:

of those general types for which the general and specific structures are presented below as follows:

(a) Tris alkylated phenylphosphites where R is an alkyl radical of 1 to 24 carbons and preferably 6 to 18 carbons. Illustrative examples are tris butylphenylphosphite, tris octylphenylphosphite, tris nonylphenylphosphite, and tris 0ctadecylphenylphosphite.

(b) Dialkylpentaerythritoldiphosphites where R is an alkyl radical having from 4 to 24 carbon atoms, with the preferred range from 10 to 24 carbons.

Illustrative examples are: didecylpentaerytoldiphosphite, polymers prepared by 1) polymerizing an a-monoolefin didoceylpentaerythritoldiphosphite, dioctadecylpentaerycontaining 2 to 22 carbon atoms, (2) polymerizing a thritoldiphosphite and didocosanylpentaerythritoldiphosmixture of m-monoolefins containing 2 to 22 carbons, phite. (3) polymerizing an a-monoolefin containing 2 to 22 (c) carbons with a diolefin including isoprene, butadiene and CHPO substituted butadiene, (4) polymerizing an a-monoolefin with acrylates, styrene, etc., and (5) admixtures of polyamides, polyesters, synthetic rubbers, etc., in a poly-1- CH:O olefin. Copolymers, graft and block polymers of (it-ID0110- e.g., neopentyl-phenyl phosphite, I neopentyl t d l olefins as the backbone of a polymer are included herein. phosphite em Examples of poly-l-olefins which can be used as homopolymers, copolymers, mixed polymers, etc., as just described include ethylene, propylene, butene-l, dodecene-l, GET-0 O GH octadecene-l, docosens-l, etc. (RFC-Put)n Additional examples illustrative of this invention emmv ploy polypropylene as representative of the various polye.g., 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol bis(neopentyl phosphite), 101cm? Ya g af sf is; 5W??? g i s: bisphenol-A bis(neopentyl phosphite), etc. examp es 6 S a 11 S were 6 m 0 e Pr W e using a midget Banbury mixer, having a 270 g. capacity.

Where 9 and 's are hydrogen alkyl Carbon) The mixing time Was 6 minutes with the temperature radicals, Where "9 is a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or a y reaching 260 to 280 F. during the blending. The mixed alkyl radical Where 1 is an l y batch was sheeted out in an 18" x 18" 70 ton press and (l-10 carbon) radical, then granulated. Usually 4 to 6 mixes were made, granulated and dry blended to produce 2 to 4 lb. of each composition. The spinning and drafting conditions which were used in the following examples are for illustration m only and other methods and conditions may be used 7 without adversely limiting the usefulness or effectiveness cycloalkyl of the stabilizers described herein.

/ The granulated stabilized polypropylene, base resin having an I.V. of 1.1 as determined on a 0.25% solution in tetralin at 145 C. and melt flow of at 23P or alkaryl C./2.16 kg., was extruded into 12 denier multifilaments by spinning at about 250 C. and then drafting about 4 35 to 1. The skeins of polypropylene multlfilaments, wound -O onto a 6-inch long stainless steel frame, were aged in an Atlas Weather-Ometer(dry) and at intervals a 6-inch section was removed from the skein for tenacity measureand where m 15 an Integer of at least 1 up to 10 or more meat using an Instron tester. The results showing the (e) 40 weatherability of nonpigmented and pigmented poly- I" 1 propylene, are presented in Tables XV, XVI and XVII.

C 1 o11 The superiority of polypropylene containing Poly TDP L fi i over that containing DLTDP (dilauryl 3,3-thiodipropiomate) is seen by comparing data for item 13 with that e.g., poly PE- (p y Pentaerythntol Phosphlte) 5 of 14, 15, 16, and 17 in Table XV.

I" O-CH2 /CH2O\ CH3 l L O-Cz CH2-O ln e.g., HRS1620 which is a polymeric bisphenol A, penta- Monofilaments of about 500 denier were extruded erythritol, phosphite. from stabilized polypropylene base resin having an I.V. of 1.4 (at 145 C. in tetralin) and density of 0.91. The O CH2 CHPO monofilaments were woven into /2-inch wide fiat braids for weathering in an Atlas Weather-Ometer(dry) for /POCH2 OH intervals of 300, 600, 1000 and 1500 hours. These samples L O-{Jfiq 01 11-0 Were tested for strength (T) and percent elongation (E) ol er 14-c clohexanedimethanol, entaerythriby breaking the Whole M 0n the IIISITOH tester and i gfi f y p calculating percent of original toughness (TXE) retained i Formulas e f and g p can be an integer of at least are presented in Tables XVIII to XXI inclusive. In Table 2 up to 15 or molie. SVIII data for items 3 and 4 show the superiority of Poly TDP over DLTDP in polypropylene monofilaments. Symbols used in the following tables, which have not already been explained, have the following meaning: The amounts of ultraviolet light inhibitor used in the 2 1 1 thermally stabilized compositions can be widely varied. BMHPC 2,6-bis(I-methylheptadecyl)-p-cresol The stabilizing amounts of the ultraviolet light inhibitor p 2 i 1 1 usually varies from 0.01 to 10% by weight of the poly- 4 d l 2-h b l-olefin with the preferred amounts ranging from 0.1 to p 1 1 3,3'-thiodipropionate (h) Polymeric product obtained from reacting l,4-cycl0- hexane-dimethanol and triphenyl phosp-hite.

DSPDP-distearyl pentaerythritoldiphosphite In the poly-l-olefin compositions covered by this inven- H. S1620 a polymeric bisphenol A, pentaerythritol, tion where an organic phosphite is used, its concentraphosphite sold by Hooker Chemical Co. tion levels can advantageously range from 0.01 to 5% OHBP4-octyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone with the preferred range being from 0.05 to 1%. 0PS-p-t-octylphenylsalicylate The poly-l-olefins referred to herein cover those OPBS-p-t-octylphenyl-S-t-butylsalicylate OPOS-p-t-octylphenyl-5-t-0ctylsalicylate Poly PE-Ppolymeric pentaerythritol phosphite SP--4,4'-butylidenebis(6-t-butyl-m-creso1) SPSSp-octadecylphenyl-S-octadecylsalicylate SR4,4-thiobis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol) THSP-2',4',5 -trihydroxystearophenone TMHP--2,4,6-tris( l-methylheptadecyl -pheno1 none Uvinul D492,2-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxybcnzophc Uvinul D-502,2',4,4-tetrahydroxybenzophcnone.

TABLE XV Percent Original Property Retained After Aging in an Atlas Weatller-Ometer Polypropylene Multifilarnent Samples (skeins of Titanium Percent Tenacity Retained) 12-(1enier yarn), Additives Dioxide,

Percent 60 Hrs. 100 Hrs. 150 Hrs. 200 Hrs. 250 Hrs. 300 Hrs. 350 Hrs. 450 Hrs..

(1) 1% OPS 0. 25 36 19 (2) 1% OPS+0.5% Poly TDP 1150 O. 25 97 99 76 45 37 (3) 1% OPS+0.5% Poly TDP l350 O. 25 100 83 80 37 (4) 1% OPS-l-O 5% Poly TDP 571+ 3% S 0 95 76 59 1% OPS+0.5% Poly TDP 1445+0.3% SP. 0 100 92 69 (6) 1% OPS+O.5% Poly TDP l445+0.3% THSl 0 99 70 61 (7) 1% OPS+0.5% Poly TDP 10988 0 100 96 72 (8) 1% OPS+0.5% Poly TDP 1098S+0.l% BMIIPC 0 100 97 70 (9) 1% OPS+0.5% Poly TDP 1098+0.1% BMHPO +05% DSPDP 0 100 96 73 (10) 1% D11BP 015 27 10 (11) 1% DHBP+1% DLTDP+0.05% S 0.5 92 84 76 57 (12) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 491+0.05% S 0.5 100 100 88 76 (13) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP l10(i+0.05% SP. 0.5 94 78 68 (14) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 491+0.05% SP 0 100 92 70 (15) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 1100+0.05% SP 0 100 88 65 1 Fiber too weak to test.

TABLE XVI Percent Original Property Retained After Aging in an Atlas Weather-Ometer Polypropylene Multiiilament Samples (skcins 01 12- litanium (Percent Tenacity Retained) denier yarn), Additives Dioxide,

Percent 141 Hrs. 259 Hrs. 355 Hrs. 473 1] rs. 589 Hrs.

(1) 1% DIIBP 2.0 40 10 (2) 1% DI'IBP+O.5% Poly TDP 600 2.0 57 8 (3) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP GOO-+03% DDPC. 2.0 60 20 10 (4) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 600+0.3% DDPC +05% DSPDP 2.0 65 24 15 (5) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 600+l).3% DDPC 0 75 G2 39 (6) 1% DI-IBP+0.5% Poly TDP 600+0.3% SP 0 71 63 34 (7) 1% DHBP+0 5% Poly TDP G00+0 3% SP 2 55 17 (8) Item No 6+0i5 DS 2 65 34 23 (9) Item No. 6+0.5% P 2 61 30 20 (10) 1% DHBP+O.5% Poly TDP 600+0.25% BMHPC. 0 87 68 47 (11) 1% DHBP+0.5%P0 ly TDP 600+0.25% BMHPC- 2 61 24 2) Item No. 10+0.5% DSPDP 2 67 39 28 (13) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 600+0.25% SR 0 69 60 35 24 15 (14) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 600+0.25% SR 2 57 34 27 19 8 (15) Item No. 13+0.5% DSPDP 2 62 37 33 22 15 (16) 2% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 600+0.5% DSPDP..- 2 82 72 57 32 23 (17) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 1098S+0.25%

BMHPO 2 69 42 24 15 (18) Item No. 17+0.25% SP 2 65 51 37 24 10 (19) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 760 SA+0.25%

BMH 2 66 48 37 21 12 (20) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP 760 SA+0.25%

BMHPC+O.25% SP 2 63 46 30 23 8 1 Fiber to weak to test.

TABLE XVII Percent Original Property Retained After Agingjn an Atlas Polypropylene Multifilament Samples (skeins of Titanium Di- 12-denier yarn), Additives Weather-Ometer (Percent Tenacity Retained) oxide, percent 63 Hrs. 142 Hrs. 275 Hrs. 350 Hrs.

(1) 2% OPS 0 62 15 (2) 2% OPS-1 0.5% 'INPP 0 78 34 (3) 2% 0PS+1% Poly TDP 1350 0 87 67 15 10 (4) 2% 0PS+1% Poly TDP 1350 .1 0. 25 81 14 8 (5) Item No. 3+0.5 TNPP 0 100 90 57 30 (6) Item No. 3+0.5% DSPDP 0 100 94 6G 35 Item No 3+O.5% DSPDP 0.25 92 79 51 25 (8) 2% 0PS+1% Poly TDP 1098s O 90 70 21 14 2% 0PS+1% Poly TD 98S 0.25 87 15 14 (10) 2% 0PS+1% Poly TDP 1098S+0.5%

DSPDP 0 100 92 69 46 (11) 2% 0PS+1% Poly TDP 1098S+0.5%

DSPDP O. 25 97 90 56 32 (12) 1% OPS 0 30 (13) 1% OPBS+1% Poly TDP 600.. o 47 37 22 12 (14) Item No. 13+0.5% DSPDP" 0 '59 45 27 16 (15) Item No. 13+0.5% DSPDP 0. 25 52 39 25 15 (16) 1% OPBS+1% Poly TDP 1098S+0.5%

DSPDP 0. 25 62 50 37 28 (17) 1% OPOS 0 27 (18) 1% OPOS+1% Poly TDP 1098S+0.5%

DSDP 0. 25 63 51 34 (19) 1% SPSS 1- 0 32 (20) 1% SPSS+1% Poly TDP 1098S+0.5%

DSPDP 0. 25 59 49 1 Fiber too weak to test.

TABLE XVIII Titanium Percent Original Property Retained Aiter Aging in an Atlas Polypropylene Monofilament Samples (Woven Dioxide, Weather-Ometer (Percent Toughness Alter Aging) into )-Inch Wide Braids), Additives Percent 300 Hrs. 600 Hrs. 1,000 Hrs. 1,500 Hrs.

, 1. 5 44 34 2 (8) 1% DHBP+1 P y 1. 5 69 29 3 (9) Item N o. 8+0.05% DDPC 1. 5 37 36 2 (10) 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP GOO-103% DDPC+0.5% DSPDP 0 56 54 11 (11) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 600+0.05%

D D PC 0 67 38 4 (12) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 600+0.05%

DDPC+0.5% DSPDP 0 51 32 1 Toughness is the product of percent retained tenacity and percent retained elongation. 2 Fiber too weak to test.

TABLE XIX Titanium Percent Original Property Retained After Aging in an Atlas Polypropylene Monofilament Samples (Woven Dioxide, Weather-Ometer (Percent Toughness Alter Aging) into %-Inch Wide Braids), Additives Percent 300 Hrs. 600 Hrs. 1,000 Hrs. 1,500 Hrs.

1 1% DHBP 2 1 DHBP 3 1% DHBP+1% Pol TDP 600 4) Item No. 3+0.3% SP+0.3% TNPP 5 Item No. 3+0.1% SP+0.3% TNPP 6 Item No. 3+0.o5% THSP 1) 1 DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP eoo+0.a% sP s 1 DHBP+0.5% Pol TDP eoo+o.os%

DDPC+0.5% DSPDP 9 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 000 (10) Item No. 9+0.a% SP+0.3% 'INPP 11 1 DHBP+1% Pol TDP ooo+o.1%

s1 +o.3% TNPP (11%) 1 DHBP+1% Poly TDP e0o+0.o5%

13 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP eoo+0.3% sP- 14 1% DHBP+0.5% Poly TDP eoo 15 1% OPS 1 1s 1% ms 11 1 OPS+1% Poly TDP e00+0.3%

SP+0.3% TNPP 1s 1% OPS+1% Poly TDP o00+0.3%

SP+0.3% TNPP a: unanimous) 1 Toughness is the product of percent retained tenacity and percent retained elongation. 2 Fiber too weak to test.

TABLE XX Titanium Percent Original Property Retained After Aging in an Propylene Monofilament Samples (Woven into V Dioxide, Atlas Weather-Ometer (Percent ToughnessAfter Aging) Wide Braids), Additives Percent 300 Hrs. 600 Hrs. 1,000 Hrs. 1,500 Hrs. (1) 1% Poly TDP 2000-8 1. 5 (b) (2) 0.5% HRS1620 1. 5 (b) (3) 0.5% Poly PE-P 1.5 (h) (4) 0.5% TMHP 1.5 (b) (5) 1% DHBP 1.5 (b) (6) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 2000-8 1. 5 22 (7) 1% 0HBP+1% Poly TDP 2000S 1. 5 85 34 5 (8) 1% Uvinul 400+1% Poly TDP 2000-51.. 1. 5 80 31 23 (9) 1% Uvinul M-40+1% Poly TDP 2000-8 1. 5 75 29 21 (10) 1% Uvinul D50+1% Poly TDP 2000-3. 1. 5 79 31 21 (11) 1 Uvinul D-49+1% Poly TDP 2000-8 1. 5 81 34 (12) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 2000S+0 1% BMHPO 1. 5 83 24 (13) 1% OHBP+1% Poly TDP 2000S+0.l% BMHPC.-- 1. 5 90 43 33 (14) 1% Uvinul 400+1% Poly TDP 2000-S+0.1% BMHPC 1. 5 89 31 (15) 1% Uvinul M-40+1% Poly TDP 2000-S+0.1%

BMHPC 1. 5 93 51 31 (16) 1% Uvinul D-+1% Poly TDP 2000-8 BMHPC... 1. 5 50 34 (17) 1% Uvinul D49+1% Poly TDP 2000-S+0.1%

BHMPC 1. 5 47 35 (1S) 1% DHBP+1% Poly TDP 2000S+0.1% 'IMHP 1. 5 95 47 33 (19) Item 12+0.1% I-IRS1620 1. 5 96 45 36 (20) Item 12+0.1% Poly PE-P 1. 5 94 56 41 (21) Item 12+0.1% DSPDP 1. 5 98 57 42 (22) Item 13+0.1% HRS1620. 1. 5 97 55 43 (23) Item 14+0.1% HRS1620. 1. 5 96 57 45 (24) Item 15+0.1% HRS1020. 1. 5 95 57 46 (25) Item 16+0.1% HRS1620. 1. 5 95 53 46 (26) Item 17+0.1% HRS1620 1. 5 97 55 40 (27) Item 18+0.1% HRS1620. 1. 5 98 56 43 I TABLE XXI Titanium Percent Original Property Retained After Aging in an Poly ropylene Monofilanlent Samples (Woven into Dioxide, Atlas Weatller-Ometer (Percent Toughness After Aging) Wide Braids) Percent 300 Hrs. 600 Hrs. 1,000 Hrs. 1,500 Hrs.

1 1% DHBP+1% P ly TDP 2000-s 1. 5 a5 a4 25 2 ,Item No. 1+0.5% 11381620--- 1.5 91 47 a3 (3) Item No. 1+0.s% DSPDP 1.5 92 4a 32 Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined by the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A composition comprising (1) a hydrocarbon member selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax and a normally solid poly-a-olefin derived from an amonoolefin having from 2 to 22 carbon atoms and (2) a linear thiodialkanoate glycol polyester of a molecular weight of from about 500 to about 4000, said polyester containing the repeating unit wherein y is 2 or 3 and R is selected from the group consisting of e -CH2-C-CHr-, --CIIz-CH:

formula ()H r OH] OH Ai CH CEO) I A: 3 n A;

wherein A A A A and A are alkyl radicals having 1-12 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 1 to 4; phenyl salicylates; substituted phenyl salicylates; phenylamines; dialkyl pentaerythritol diphosphites; hydroxybenzophenones; butylated hydroxytoluene; trihydroxybutyrophenone; 4,4'-butylidenebis (6-t.-butyl-m-cresol); butylated hydroxyanisole; propyl gallate; 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1- methylcyclohexyl-p-cresol)]; 2,2-thiobis(6-t butyl pcresol); 4,4'-thiobis (6-t-butyl-m-cresol); and 2-t-butyl-4- glycidyloxyphenol.

3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein y is 2 and R is -oH2GoHi- 4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein said hydrocarbon member is said normally solid poly-a-olefin.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,625,491 1/1953 Young 26045.85 2,985,617 5/1961 Salyer et al. 26045.75 3,033,814 5/1962 Tholstrup 26045.85 3,038,878 6/1962 Bell et a1. 26045.85 3,039,993 6/1962 Friedman 26045.8 3,072,603 1/1963 Tholstrup 26045.85 3,072,604 11/1963 Tholstrup 26045.85 3,255,136 6/1966 Hecker et al. 26045.85 3,281,498 10/ 1966 Watkins et al 260 2,985,617 5/1961 Salyer et a1 26045.75 3,181,971 5/1965 Rayner et al. 26045.9 3,255,136 6/1966 Hecker et al. 26045.85

FOREIGN PATENTS 577,252 7/ 1959 Belgium.

883,419 3/1943 France.

534,215 9/ 1931 Germany.

538,831 11/1931 Germany.

692,507 8/ 1964 Canada.

DONALD E. CZAJ A, Primary Examiner.

L. J. BERCOVITZ, Examiner.

G. W. RAUCHFUSS, R. A. WHITE,

Assistant Examiners.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 378 S16 Dated April 16 1 968 Inventor s) Clarence E. Tholstrup et a1 It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

In the heading to the printed specification, after line 6 insert Assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester N. Y a corporation of New Jersey Signed and sealed this 21st day of November 1972 (SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents ORM O-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC wan-P09 

